专升本英语动词时态解析

　　在专升本考试中，英语一直是让很多考生感到头疼的一个科目，下面库课李老师给考生整理了专升本英语动词时态解析，对这不了解的考生可先来看看。

　　专升本英语动词时态解析

　　1. 一般现在时的用法: 动词原形，be—am/is/are

　　1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词 sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 及时间副词 every day / night /

　　week / month / year 连用,如：

　　He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。

　　We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。

　　I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。

　　2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如：

　　The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。

　　Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。

　　Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时，液体变为气体。

　　Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

　　3) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如：

　　I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。

　　We get up at six. 我们六点起床。

　　He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦

　　4) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排, 将要发生的事情。主要用于表示开始或移动的动词：come, go, leave, arrive,

　　begin, start, stop, close, open 等。如：

　　The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到，八点过十分离开。

　　Our class begins at 7:45. 我们的课七点四十五开始。

　　The shop opens at eight o’clock. 商店八点开门

　　5) 时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。(主将从现原则)如：

　　If you come, we will wait for you. 如果你来，我们就等你。

　　When he gets here, the work will be finished. 当他到这儿时，工作将做完了。

　　Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided. 尽管他不赞成我们当观点，他还是会按我们的决定去做。

　　2. 一般过去时的构成及用法 : 动词的过去式

　　1) 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与 yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day

　　等连用.

　　He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。

　　What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?

　　2) 表示过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作.

　　We often played together when we were children.

　　He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now.

　　3. 一般将来时的构成及用法: will/shall+do

　　1) 表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与时间副词 tomorrow, soon 或短语 next

　　year/week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 连用.

　　What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么?

　　We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。

　　He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。

　　We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月将下很多雨。

　　I think she will pass the exam

　　2) 一般将来时的其他几种方式:

　　(1) 用“be going to+do”表示打算和预测。如：

　　We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算)

　　I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)

　　Look, it’s going to rain. 瞧，要下雨了。(表预见)

　　(2) 用“be to+动词原形”:表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：

　　He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。

　　Tell him he’s not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回。

　　(3) 用“be about to+do:表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合。如：

　　He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。

　　Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。

　　Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。

　　Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。

　　注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。如：

　　误：He is about to leave soon [tomorrow].

　　另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)。如：

　　I’m not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。

　　(4) 用“be due to+do”表将来。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事：

　　He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。

　　His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划 10 月份出版。

　　(5) 用现在进行时(即 be+doing)表将来。表示按计划或安排要发生的事。如：

　　The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。

　　We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。

　　注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作。如：

　　I’m leaving. 我走了。

　　(6) 用一般现在时表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。如：

　　The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚 7:25 分开。

　　Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。

　　We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。

　　4 . 过去将来时的构成及用法: would/should+ do

　　表示在过去某个时候看来将会发生的动作或情况.

　　He said that he would go to see a movie.

　　Mike told us that he would be back in a week.

　　He told us that he was going to attend the meeting

　　The building was to be completed next month

　　We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

　　He was leaving the next day

　　He said he would stay with us

　　过去将来时的四种形式

　　①would/should+动词原形

　　②was/were going+ to do

　　③ was/were about+ to do(正要干什么)

　　④was/were +to do

　　5. 现在进行时的构成及用法 : : am/ is /are +doing

　　(1) 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作, 常与 now, listen, look, these days, nowadays, at this moment, at present 连用.

　　They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。

　　I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。

　　Look! They are working in the field.

　　(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

　　He is teaching in a school. (目前这个阶段正在进行的动作)

　　They are planting trees these days.

　　(3) 现在进行时表将来, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作(主要用于表示移动的动词:go, come ,leave, move, arrive, start ,fly)

　　I’m leaving tomorrow.

　　My aunt is coming to see me.

　　(4) 现在进行时与 always, continually, constantly, all the time 等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。如：

　　You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)

　　My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)

　　She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)

　　6. 过去进行时的构成及用法: : was /were +doing

　　(1) 表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。常与 those days,, at that moment, at nine o’clock last night 连用.

　　What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么?

　　During the summer of 1999 she was travelling in Europe. 1999 年夏天她在欧洲旅行。

　　The boy was doing his homework when his father came back .

　　He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.

　　What were you doing at nine last night?

　　(2) 表示过去将来，多用于 go, come, leave, start, take off 等动词.

　　He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。

　　(3) 过去进行时与 always, continually, constantly, all the time 等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气.

　　My brother was always losing his key.

　　They were often talking in class

　　7. 将来进行时的构成及用法: : will be+ doing

　　(1) 表示在将来某个时间正在发生的动作.

　　At this time tomorrow, I’ll be taking a test. 明天这时我会在考试。

　　This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach. 下星期这个时候我就会躺在沙滩上了。

　　Don’t phone me between 7 and 8 p. m. We’ll be having dinner then.

　　(2) 表示安排将要做的事，与现在进行时有时可互换。如：

　　We’ll be spending the winter in Australia. 我们将在澳大利亚过冬。

　　We’re spending the winter in Australia.

　　8. 现在完成时的构成及用法: : have +done

　　(1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响,常与 already, yet, just, ever, before, lately, recently,never, once, twice ,

　　for… , since…等词连用.

　　He has left the city.(结果:他不在这个城市)

　　Someone has broken the window.(结果: 窗户仍破着)

　　They have lived here since they moved Beijing to 1995

　　He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。

　　(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”，“for+时间段”，so far, in the last /past

　　few years, up to now, till now 等时间状语连用.

　　She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。

　　We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。

　　So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。

　　They’ve lived here since 1989. 从 1989 年起他们就在这里住了。

　　I saw Julia in April and I haven’t seen her since then. 我四月见到朱莉娅，从那之后就没见到她了。

　　(3) 还用于以下句型中:

　　It/This/That is the first (second/third…)time+that 从句

　　It/This/That is the only…+that 从句

　　It/This/That is the +最高级… + that 从句

　　It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.

　　It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.

　　It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

　　(4) 现在完成时与一般过去的区别:

　　前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去：

　　I saw this film yesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。(强调看的动作发生过了。)

　　I have seen this film.这部电影我看过了。(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)

　　I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过 10 年。(现在不住这儿了)

　　I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了 10 年。(现在仍住这儿)

　　He bought a house ten years ago. 他 10 年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)

　　He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)

　　He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。

　　He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。(即现在不在这儿)

　　(5) .比较 since 和 for

　　since 用来说明动作起始时间，for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。

　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.我在这儿住了 20 多年了。

　　I have lived here since I was born.我自出生就住在这儿。

　　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.我好久没收到叔叔的信了。

　　注意：并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

　　I worked here for more than twenty years. 我在这里工作过 20 多年。(我现在已不在这里工作。)

　　I have worked here for many years.我在这里工作了多年了。(现在我仍在这里工作。)

　　小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误

　　用。

　　汤姆学习俄语有 3 年了。

　　(对)Tom has studied Russian for three years.

　　=Tom began to study Russian three years ago，and is still studying it now.

　　Harry 结婚 6 年了。

　　(错)Harry has got married for six years.

　　=Harry began to get married six years ago，and is still getting married now.

　　9. 过去完成时的构成和用法 :had +done

　　(1) 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有

　　显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用.标志词：

　　by the end of +过去时间

　　by the time +从句(用一般过去时)引导的句子或主句用过去完成时

　　(2) 用法:

　　1) 用在 told，said，knew，heard，thought 等动词后的宾语从句中。

　　He told me he had finished all the work. 他告诉我他已完成了所有的工作。

　　She said (that)she had never been to Paris.她说她从来没去过巴黎。

　　He said that he had learned some English before.他说他以前学过英语。

　　2) 用在状语从句中：

　　By the end of that month Jack had collected more than a hundred foreign stamps.

　　到那个月底，杰克已收集了一百多张外国邮票。

　　When I got to the airport, the flight had taken off. 当我到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了

　　When the police arrived，the thieves had run away.等到警察来的时候，贼早已经跑了

　　By the time he was twelve，Edison had began to make a living by himself

　　(3) 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别:

　　一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前(即过去的过去)发生的动

　　作或存在的状态.

　　I lost y new book.

　　He said that he had met her before.

　　10. 现在完成进行时的构成和用法: have been +doing

　　(1) 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止：

　　He’s been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了。

　　He has been doing this work for three years. 这工作他已干了三年了。

　　It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。

　　The war has been going on for nearly a decade. 战争已进行近十年了

　　It has been raining since two days ago.

　　(2) 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：

　　1. I have written an article. 　(强调:已完成性)

　　I have been writing an article. (强调: 持续性，未完成性)

　　2.有些延续性动词，如 live, teach, work, study, learn, stay 等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。

　　I have lived here for ten years.

　　= I have been living here for ten years.

　　Notes：表短暂动作的动词(finish, marry, get up, come, go 等)一般不能用现在完成进行时。

　　11. 将来完成时的构成和用法: will +have done

　　(1) 表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作.

　　He will have arrived by now. 他现在应当已经到了。

　　He will have gone back to England.他想必回英国去了。

　　When we get there，she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。

　　On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years. 到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。

　　(2) 现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别

　　现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态，过去完 成时则以过去

　　时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态，将来完成时则以将来时间为参

　　照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态：

　　He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。

　　He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。

　　He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

　　12、时态与时间状语

　　时间状语

　　一般现在时　every...，sometimes,at...，on Sunday

　　一般过去时　yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982，just now

　　一般将来时　next...，tomorrow，in+时间

　　现在完成时　for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in past years，always，recently

　　过去完成时　before，by，until，when，after，once，as soon as

　　过去进行时　this morning，the whole morning，all day，yesterday，from nine to ten last evening...when，while

　　将来进行时　soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，tomorrow，in two days，tomorrow evening

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