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(3) There +不定式。如: We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 注意:(1)有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如: We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如: They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him (to)clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.
4、作定语 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如: I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系) He is looking fo专升本成考r a room to live in.(动状关系) He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系) He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系) 注意:(1)不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如: Do you have anything else to say?
(2)如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如: I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字) I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)
5、作状语 表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, …enough to, too…to等。
(1)做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)…as to…(如此以便)如: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 He came to the school to see his son.
(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。如: He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. He searched the room only to find nothing.
(3)做原因状语。如: We were very excited to hear the news. I'm glad to see you.
(4)做条件状语。如: To turn to the left, you could find a post office.